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BACKGROUND@#The prevalence of obesity and overweight in childhood has increased dramatically over the past decades globally. Thus, the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents must be studied.@*OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of childhood obesity and examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and z-body mass index (z-BMI) via parental obesity and dietary intake using path analysis.@*METHODS@#Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 17,007 participants aged 6-12 years on two avenues per region in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Path analysis was conducted to examine the mediators between SES and z-BMI.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.36% and 8.60%, respectively, and were positively correlated with the father's education level, family income, a birth weight > 3000g, a parental obesity history, vegetable intake and red meat intake (all P < 0.05). Four mediators (paternal obesity history, red meat intake, vegetable intake, and nutritional supplements) were observed, and the four path analyses were significant (all P < 0.05). The adjusted total effects on z-BMI were significant for income (β@*CONCLUSIONS@#The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children was notable, and the relationship between SES and z-BMI was mediated by paternal obesity history and dietary intake.
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eating/psychology , Fathers/statistics & numerical data , Obesity/psychology , Pediatric Obesity/etiology , Social ClassABSTRACT
Background@#and Purpose: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most-common form of autoimmune encephalitis, but its early diagnosis is challenging.This study aimed to identify the risk factors for a poor prognosis in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and construct a prognostic composite score for obtaining earlier predictions of a poor prognosis. @*Methods@#We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, laboratory indexes, imaging findings, and electroencephalogram (EEG) data of 60 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores of patients were collected when they were discharged from the hospital. The mRS scores were used to divide the patients into two groups, with mRS scores of 3–6 defined as a poor prognosis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze independent risk factors related to a poor prognosis. @*Results@#This study found that 23 (38.3%) and 37 (61.7%) patients had good and poor prognoses, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, disturbance of consciousness at admission, and ≥50% slow waves on the EEG were significantly associated with patient outcomes. An age, consciousness, and slow waves (ACS) composite score was constructed to predict the prognosis of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis at an early stage based on regression coefficients. @*Conclusions@#Age, disturbance of consciousness at admission, and ≥50% slow waves on the EEG were independent risk factors for a poor prognosis. The ACS prognostic composite score could play a role in facilitating early predictions of the prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.
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Objective@#To analyze the main influencing factors of transitional care needs for children with chronic disease, so as to provide evidence for formulating the appropriate transitional care mode for children with chronic disease.@*Methods@#Adopting complete random sampling and using self-designed questionnaire, investigate the need for 500 children with chronic disease who were hospitalized in the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May to October in 2017. Classification based on demand results. Using Chi square test, Fisher exact probability, Cochran-Armitage trend test, Bonferroni method and Logistic regression analysis the influencing factors of demand outcomes.@*Results@#That affect the patient′s needs included family economy, medical insurance, children′s age, residence and Primary caregiver′s education, age, sex, relationship with children and so on. These factors had different effects on the need of transitional care.@*Conclusions@#The transitional care needs of children with chronic diseases are affected by many factors, which affect many aspects of continuous care. These influencing factors should be taken into account in continuous care service, and personalized continuous care services should be provided to meet children′ needs according to local conditions.
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Objective To analyze the main influencing factors of transitional care needs for children with chronic disease, so as to provide evidence for formulating the appropriate transitional care mode for children with chronic disease. Methods Adopting complete random sampling and using self-designed questionnaire, investigate the need for 500 children with chronic disease who were hospitalized in the Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from May to October in 2017. Classification based on demand results. Using Chi square test, Fisher exact probability, Cochran-Armitage trend test, Bonferroni method and Logistic regression analysis the influencing factors of demand outcomes. Results That affect the patient′s needs included family economy, medical insurance, children′s age, residence and Primary caregiver′s education, age, sex, relationship with children and so on. These factors had different effects on the need of transitional care. Conclusions The transitional care needs of children with chronic diseases are affected by many factors, which affect many aspects of continuous care. These influencing factors should be taken into account in continuous care service, and personalized continuous care services should be provided to meet children′needs according to local conditions.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of regular iron supplementation on hemoglobin and perinatal complication of pregnant women and neonates. METHODS:In retrospective analysis,the information of 606 pregnancy women were collected from Chongqing People’s Hospital during May 2016-May 2017. According to the regularity of iron supplementation,they were divided into regular iron supplementation group (142 cases),irregular iron supplementation group (218 cases) and no iron supplementation group(246 cases). The levels of hemoglobin in pregnant women were determined in 3 groups before childbirth and 3-7 d after childbirth. The incidence of gestational hypertension,premature rupture of membranes and puerperal infection in pregnant women were recorded in 3 groups. Birth weights of neonates delivered by pregnant women were recorded in 3 groups, and the levels of hemoglobin in umbilical cord blood of neonates were also detected. Apgar score was used to evaluate whether neonates were born with hypoxia or asphyxia. The average days of hospitalization were counted for pregnant women of 3 groups. RESULTS:The levels of hemoglobin in regular ion supplementation group before and after childbirth were significantly higher than irregular ion supplementation group and no ion supplementation group;the incidence of gestational hypertension,premature rupture of membranes and puerperal infection were significantly lower than irregular ion supplementation group and no ion supplementation group,average hospitalization days were significantly less than irregular ion supplementation group and no ion supplementation group, the levels of hemoglobin in umbilical cord blood of neonates and birth weight in regular ion supplementation group were significantly higher than irregular ion supplementation group and no ion supplementation group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of constipation in pregnant women and the ratio of Apgar score of the neonates＜7 among 3 groups (P＞0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Regular iron supplementation can remarkably decrease the incidence of anemia,gestational hypertension,premature rupture of membrane and puerperal infection in pregnant women,shorten average hospitalization time,and increase average birth weight of neonates and the level of hemoglobin in umbilical cord blood.
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Objective To investigate the clinical value of thrombelastogram (TEG) in prediction for the cause of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Methods In this study, there were 30 patients with DCI (group DCI) and 45 patients without DCI (group No-DCI). TEG was performed in all the patients at post-bleeding day 1, 5, 10 and 15 after aSAH(PBDn, n=1,5,10,15). The changes of reaction time (R value), coagulation time (K value),coagulation angle (α value),maximum thrombus consistency (MA value) and coagulation index (CI value) were examined at different time points after aSAH. Results Thirty of 75 aSAH patients developed DCI and the incidence of DCI was 40 percent. According to linear mixed model, both MA value and CI value were significantly statistical different at different time points within each group (P<0.05,for all) as well as between No-DCI group and DCI group.MA value and CI were significantly statistical different at same time point (P<0.05,for all). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that modified Fisher levelⅢ-Ⅳ,△MA5-1(OR=1.124,P=0.024,95% CI=1.015~1.244), PBD5 MA>70(OR=5.605,P=0.011,95% CI=1.464~21.457)were the independent risk factors of DCI.By using ROC curve to define a threshold for prediction of the occurrence of DCI,the rate of DCI was significantly increased when △MA5-1>3.05.Conclusion aSAH Patients, especially those with DCI have severe hypercoagulation. The MA value in PBD5 has an important predictive value for DCI.
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Objective To investigate the effect of prior statin use on outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis at the Department of Neurology, the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from July 2014 to August 2017 were enrolled, and divided into the statin use group and nonstatin use group according to prior statin use. Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and the outcome at 90 days after onset (good outcome and poor outcome were defined as the modified Rankin Scale score 0-2 and > 2, respectively) in the two groups were compared, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the effect of prior statin use on the outcome. Results A total of 327 patients were enrolled, including 68 (20. 80％ ) in the statin use group, and 59 (79. 20％ ) in the nonstatin use group. There were no significant differences in the incidence symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (7. 35％ vs. 10. 04％; χ2 = 0. 453, P = 0. 501), good outcome rate at 90 days (69. 12％ vs. 66. 02％; χ2 = 0. 232, P = 0. 630), and mortality rate (7. 35％ vs. 7. 34％; P = 1. 000) between the statin use group and the nonstatin use group. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that prior statin use were not an independent risk factor for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio 0. 658, 95％ confidence interval 0. 233-1. 857; P = 0. 429) and poor outcome at 90 dafter onset (odds ratio 0. 848, 95％ confidence interval 0. 424-1. 696; P = 0. 641) in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis. Conclusion Prior statin use is not associated with symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and outcome after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
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Objective The objective was to investigate new media influence on college student's reading behaviors.Methods A cross-sectional survey on internet use,reading behavior and influence on sleep and life of college students was conducted.The sample was selected using a multi-stage sampling among college students in Chongqing.Results 92.5％ students used smart phone to access information through Internet.Entertainment is the main motivation of digital reading.58.39％ students preferred traditional paper reading for academic study.97.6％ students used smart phone for reading before sleep and 27.4％ used smart phone before sleep caused sleep problem.53.6％ students believed that in terms of life and study,the new media reading is more helpful than harmful.Conclusion College students are heavy users of new media,and that some forms of media use may adversely impact sleep and academic performance.
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Objective To investigate the influences of atrial fibrillation (AF) on clinical outcome and hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis were enrolled retrospectively.The modified Rankin Scale score 0-2 at 90 d was defined as a good outcome.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between AF and clinical outcomes after intravenous thrombolvsis.Results A total of 160 patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis were enrolled,including 67 (41.88％) with AF.Compared with the non-AF group,the age was older (median [interquartile range] 77 [71-83] years vs.69 [59-78] years;Z=4.142,P＜ 0.001),baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) score was higher (11.0[6.0-17.0] vs.7.0[4.0-14.0];Z=2.623,P=0.009)in the AF group.There were no significant differences in the NIHSS score reduction and the proportion of patients with good outcomes at 24 h (3.0 [1.0-4.5] vs.2.0 [0-6.0];Z=-0.312,P=0.775) and7d(4.0 [2.0-5.0] vs.5.0[2.0-8.0];Z=l.574,P=0.115) after thrombolysis and the proportion of patients with good outcome at 90 d (38.81％ vs.25.82％;x2 =3.063,P =0.080) between the AF group and the non-AF group,however,the proportions of HT within 24 h (14.93％ vs.5.38％;x2 =4.179,P =0.041) and death within 90 days (16.42％ vs.6.45％;x2 =4.073,P =0.044) in the AF group were significantly higher than those in the non-AF group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that AF was not independent correlation with the clinical outcomes at 90 d (odds ratio [OR] 0.950,95％ confidence interval [CI]0.381-2.366;P =0.912),HT within 24 h (OR 1.992,95％ CI0.580-6.369;P =0.285),and death within 90 d (OR 2.483,95％ CI 0.727-8.586;P=0.146).Conclusion AF is not the independent risk factor that influences on clinical outcome at 90 d and-HT within 24 h after intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.